FROM DISCORD TO DIALOGUE: EXPLORING THE PROSPECTS FOR PEACE AND COOPERATION BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND IRAN IN THE 21 ST CENTURY

Abstract

Geopolitical, spiritual, and economic elements have interacted in a complicated way to shape Pakistan-Iran ties. Even with their shared cultural heritage and historical connections, the two countries' relationship has frequently been marked by tense and distrusting times. In order to shed light on how to promote a more positive discourse and cooperative engagement, this study looks at Pakistan and Iran's chances for cooperation and peace in the twenty-first century. This study, which takes an interdisciplinary approach, explores the historical background of relations between Pakistan and Iran, following the development of diplomatic contacts, commercial exchanges, and strategic alliances. The study looks for prospective areas of convergence as well as underlying causes of disagreement by examining significant occurrences and policy choices. It also looks at how regional dynamics such as the influence of other countries and nearby states affect how the bilateral relationship is shaped. The study also looks into how perceptions and attitudes in Pakistan and Iran are influenced by religion, specifically the Sunni-Shia divide. It evaluates the ways in which political rhetoric and religious narratives impact the dynamics of cooperation and conflict. Furthermore, the study looks at the financial advantages and disadvantages of bilateral commerce, energy cooperation, and building infrastructure, showing areas where these areas might work together for mutual gain. The report also assesses how non-state actors, such as transnational networks and extremist organizations, contribute to regional instability and obstruct efforts at collaboration and peace. It addresses issues with border security and conflicts over land as well as tactics for thwarting extremism and encouraging inclusive discourse. In summary, this study sheds light on the nuances of Pakistan-Iran relationships and makes suggestions for creating a climate that is more favorable to harmony and collaboration in the twenty-first century. It aims to promote understanding and long-term involvement between the two countries by highlighting the value of communication, diplomacy, and measures that foster confidence.